Here are 50 Most Important MCQ Questions and Answers on “The Supreme Court of India” that are highly relevant for UPSC, SSC, State PSCs, Judiciary, Banking, and other competitive exams:
1. Basic Facts about the Supreme Court
Q1. When was the Supreme Court of India established?
A) 26th January 1950
B) 15th August 1947
C) 28th January 1950
D) 26th November 1949
✅ Answer: A) 26th January 1950
Q2. The Supreme Court of India was established under which Article of the Constitution?
A) Article 124
B) Article 32
C) Article 226
D) Article 142
✅ Answer: A) Article 124
Q3. Who was the first Chief Justice of India?
A) H.J. Kania
B) M. Patanjali Sastri
C) B.R. Ambedkar
D) Rajendra Prasad
✅ Answer: A) H.J. Kania
Q4. How many judges (including CJI) are there in the Supreme Court as per the Constitution?
A) 26
B) 30
C) 34
D) The Parliament decides
✅ Answer: D) The Parliament decides (Originally 8, now 34 as per Supreme Court (Number of Judges) Amendment Act, 2019)
2. Jurisdiction & Powers of the Supreme Court
Q5. Which Article gives the Supreme Court the power of Judicial Review?
A) Article 13
B) Article 32
C) Article 137
D) Article 143
✅ Answer: C) Article 137
Q6. The Supreme Court has original jurisdiction in disputes between:
A) Two private companies
B) Centre and one or more states
C) Two individuals
D) State and a foreign country
✅ Answer: B) Centre and one or more states (Article 131)
Q7. Which writ is issued by the Supreme Court to enforce Fundamental Rights?
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Mandamus
C) Certiorari
D) All of the above
✅ Answer: D) All of the above (Article 32)
Q8. The advisory jurisdiction of the Supreme Court is mentioned under:
A) Article 143
B) Article 142
C) Article 141
D) Article 144
✅ Answer: A) Article 143
3. Important Constitutional Provisions
Q9. The law declared by the Supreme Court is binding on all courts in India under:
A) Article 141
B) Article 142
C) Article 144
D) Article 145
✅ Answer: A) Article 141
Q10. Who appoints the judges of the Supreme Court?
A) President
B) Prime Minister
C) Chief Justice of India
D) Parliament
✅ Answer: A) President (on advice of the Collegium)
Q11. What is the retirement age of a Supreme Court judge?
A) 60 years
B) 62 years
C) 65 years
D) 70 years
✅ Answer: C) 65 years
Q12. The power of the Supreme Court to review its own judgment is given under:
A) Article 137
B) Article 136
C) Article 138
D) Article 139
✅ Answer: A) Article 137
4. Landmark Judgments
Q13. In which case did the Supreme Court introduce the “Basic Structure Doctrine”?
A) Golaknath Case (1967)
B) Kesavananda Bharati Case (1973)
C) Minerva Mills Case (1980)
D) Maneka Gandhi Case (1978)
✅ Answer: B) Kesavananda Bharati Case (1973)
Q14. Which case established the Collegium System for judicial appointments?
A) S.P. Gupta Case (1981)
B) Second Judges Case (1993)
C) Third Judges Case (1998)
D) NJAC Case (2015)
✅ Answer: B) Second Judges Case (1993)
Q15. The “Right to Privacy” was declared a Fundamental Right in:
A) Aadhaar Case (2018)
B) Puttaswamy Case (2017)
C) Naz Foundation Case (2009)
D) None of the above
✅ Answer: B) Puttaswamy Case (2017)
5. Miscellaneous Important Questions
Q16. Who can remove a Supreme Court judge?
A) President
B) Parliament (Impeachment)
C) Chief Justice of India
D) Prime Minister
✅ Answer: B) Parliament (Impeachment under Article 124(4))
Q17. The concept of “Public Interest Litigation (PIL)” was introduced in:
A) Hussainara Khatoon Case (1979)
B) S.P. Gupta Case (1981)
C) Vishaka Case (1997)
D) None of these
✅ Answer: A) Hussainara Khatoon Case (1979)
Q18. The Supreme Court sits in benches of how many judges normally?
A) 1 or 2
B) 2 or 3
C) 3 or 5
D) 5 or 7
✅ Answer: B) 2 or 3 (Constitution Benches have 5 or more judges)
Bonus: High-Probability Exam Questions
Q19. The Supreme Court held that “Triple Talaq” is unconstitutional in:
A) Shayara Bano Case (2017)
B) Shah Bano Case (1985)
C) Sarla Mudgal Case (1995)
D) None of these
✅ Answer: A) Shayara Bano Case (2017)
Q20. Who is the current Chief Justice of India (as of 2024)?
A) N.V. Ramana
B) D.Y. Chandrachud
C) U.U. Lalit
D) S.A. Bobde
✅ Answer: B) D.Y. Chandrachud
Here are the remaining 30 high-impact MCQs on the Supreme Court of India with answers, covering constitutional provisions, landmark cases, and current affairs:
Part 6: Judicial Appointments & Collegium System
Q21. The Collegium System for appointing judges was established through which cases?
A) First Judges Case (1981)
B) Second Judges Case (1993) & Third Judges Case (1998)
C) NJAC Case (2015)
D) None of these
✅ Answer: B) Second Judges Case (1993) & Third Judges Case (1998)
Q22. The NJAC (National Judicial Appointments Commission) was struck down by the Supreme Court in:
A) 2014
B) 2015
C) 2016
D) 2017
✅ Answer: B) 2015 (Fourth Judges Case)
Part 7: Fundamental Rights & PILs
Q23. Which Article is called the “Heart and Soul of the Constitution” by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar?
A) Article 14
B) Article 19
C) Article 21
D) Article 32
✅ Answer: D) Article 32 (Right to Constitutional Remedies)
Q24. The concept of “Public Interest Litigation (PIL)” was introduced in which case?
A) Vishaka v. State of Rajasthan (1997)
B) Hussainara Khatoon v. State of Bihar (1979)
C) Maneka Gandhi v. UoI (1978)
D) None
✅ Answer: B) Hussainara Khatoon Case (1979)
Part 8: Recent Landmark Judgments (2020-2024)
Q25. In 2023, the Supreme Court upheld the abrogation of Article 370 in which case?
A) SBI v. Union of India
B) Kashmir Education Trust v. Union of India
C) In Re: Article 370 (2023)
D) None
✅ Answer: C) In Re: Article 370 (2023)
Q26. The Supreme Court recognized “Same-Sex Marriage” under the Special Marriage Act in:
A) 2022
B) 2023
C) Not recognized (2023 verdict declined legal status)
D) 2024
✅ Answer: C) Not recognized (2023 verdict declined legal status)
Part 9: Contempt of Court & Article 142
Q27. The Supreme Court’s power to punish for contempt is derived from:
A) Article 129
B) Article 142
C) Both A & B
D) Article 143
✅ Answer: C) Both A & B
Q28. Article 142 grants the Supreme Court power to:
A) Issue writs
B) Pass any order to do “complete justice”
C) Review its judgments
D) Advise the President
✅ Answer: B) Pass any order to do “complete justice”
Part 10: Miscellaneous High-Probability Questions
Q29. The Supreme Court banned “Two-Finger Test” in rape cases in:
A) Nirbhaya Case (2012)
B) Lillu @ Rajesh v. State of Haryana (2013)
C) Vishaka Case (1997)
D) None
✅ Answer: B) Lillu @ Rajesh v. State of Haryana (2013)
Q30. The first woman judge of the Supreme Court was:
A) Ruma Pal
B) Fathima Beevi (1989)
C) Indira Banerjee
D) Gyan Sudha Misra
✅ Answer: B) Fathima Beevi (1989)
📌 Bonus: Current Affairs (2024)
Q31. As of 2024, how many women judges are in the Supreme Court?
A) 1
B) 3
C) 4 (Justices B.V. Nagarathna, Hima Kohli, Bela Trivedi, and Satish Chandra Sharma)
D) 5
✅ Answer: C) 4
Q32. The Supreme Court’s new “Green Bench” deals with:
A) Environmental cases
B) Agricultural disputes
C) Cybercrimes
D) None
✅ Answer: A) Environmental cases
Here are the remaining 30 critically important MCQs on the Supreme Court of India, covering all essential aspects for competitive exams:
Part 11: Constitutional Provisions
Q33. The minimum number of judges required for a Constitutional Bench is:
A) 3
B) 5 ✅
C) 7
D) 9
Q34. Which Article deals with the enforcement of Supreme Court orders?
A) Article 141
B) Article 142 ✅
C) Article 143
D) Article 144
Part 12: Judicial Review
Q35. The power of judicial review was explicitly established in:
A) Golaknath Case
B) Kesavananda Bharati Case
C) Shankari Prasad Case
D) None of the above ✅ (Inherent power under Article 13)
Part 13: Recent Developments (2023-24)
Q36. The Supreme Court recently ruled that the Chief Election Commissioner appointment will be done by:
A) Prime Minister
B) President on PM’s advice
C) Collegium system
D) Selection committee (PM, LoP, CJI) ✅
Q37. In 2023, SC ruled that ‘unconditional apology’ can be considered in:
A) Criminal cases
B) Civil cases
C) Contempt cases ✅
D) PILs
Part 14: Important Articles
Q38. Advisory jurisdiction of SC comes under:
A) Article 143 ✅
B) Article 144
C) Article 145
D) Article 146
Q39. Article 145 deals with:
A) Rules of Court ✅
B) Enforcement of decrees
C) Contempt powers
D) Advisory jurisdiction
Part 15: Landmark Cases
Q40. The ‘Doctrine of Eclipse’ was established in:
A) Golaknath Case
B) Kesavananda Case
C) Bhikaji Narain Case ✅
D) Minerva Mills Case
Q41. ‘Basic Structure Doctrine’ was first applied in:
A) Golaknath Case (1967)
B) Kesavananda Case (1973) ✅
C) Minerva Mills Case (1980)
D) None
Part 16: Judicial Independence
Q42. The salaries of Supreme Court judges are charged on:
A) Consolidated Fund of India ✅
B) Contingency Fund
C) Public Account
D) State Funds
Q43. A Supreme Court judge can be removed only by:
A) Presidential order
B) Parliamentary impeachment ✅
C) CJI’s recommendation
D) None
Part 17: Miscellaneous
Q44. The Supreme Court held that ‘Right to Privacy’ is part of:
A) Article 19
B) Article 21 ✅
C) Article 14
D) Article 32
Q45. The first case where Supreme Court used ‘Doctrine of Prospective Overruling’:
A) Golaknath Case ✅
B) Kesavananda Case
C) Minerva Mills Case
D) None
Part 18: Current Affairs
Q46. As of 2024, the sanctioned strength of Supreme Court judges is:
A) 28
B) 31
C) 34 ✅
D) 36
Q47. The Supreme Court recently declared that ‘Jallikattu’ is:
A) Unconstitutional
B) Constitutional ✅
C) Needs regulation
D) Banned
Part 19: Important Concepts
Q48. ‘Curative Petition’ was introduced in:
A) Rupa Ashok Hurra Case ✅
B) Kesavananda Case
C) Golaknath Case
D) None
Q49. The Supreme Court can transfer cases from High Courts under:
A) Article 139A ✅
B) Article 140
C) Article 141
D) Article 142
Part 20: Final Round
Q50. The Supreme Court held that ‘Right to Internet’ is part of:
A) Article 19
B) Article 21 ✅
C) Article 14
D) Article 32
Q51. The ‘Doctrine of Harmonious Construction’ was first applied in:
A) Golaknath Case
B) Kesavananda Case
C) Re Kerala Education Bill Case ✅
D) None
Q52. The Supreme Court held that ‘Right to Clean Air’ is part of:
A) Article 19
B) Article 21 ✅
C) Article 14
D) Article 32
These questions cover historical, constitutional, and landmark case-based aspects of the Supreme Court, making them highly useful for UPSC, SSC, State PSCs, Banking, and Judiciary exams.
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