25 most important manual testing interview questions and answers tailored for beginners. These questions are easy to understand and reply to, making them perfect for freshers or those new to manual testing:
1. What is Manual Testing?
Answer:
Manual testing is the process of manually executing test cases without using any automation tools. Testers check the software for defects by following predefined test cases and reporting any issues found.
2. What are the advantages of Manual Testing?
Answer:
- It is cost-effective for small projects.
- Easy to learn and execute for beginners.
- Ideal for exploratory and usability testing.
- No need for programming knowledge.
3. What are the different types of Manual Testing?
Answer:
The main types are:
- Unit Testing
- Integration Testing
- System Testing
- Acceptance Testing
4. What is a Test Case?
Answer:
A test case is a set of conditions or steps to verify if a feature or functionality of the software works as expected. It includes test steps, expected results, and actual results.
5. What is a Bug?
Answer:
A bug is a defect or error in the software that causes it to behave unexpectedly or produce incorrect results.
6. What is Severity and Priority in testing?
Answer:
- Severity: Indicates the impact of the bug on the system (e.g., Critical, Major, Minor).
- Priority: Indicates the order in which the bug should be fixed (e.g., High, Medium, Low).
7. What is the difference between Verification and Validation?
Answer:
- Verification: Checking if the software is built according to the requirements (e.g., reviews, walkthroughs).
- Validation: Checking if the software meets the user’s needs and expectations (e.g., testing).
8. What is a Test Plan?
Answer:
A test plan is a document that outlines the scope, approach, resources, schedule, and deliverables for testing a software application.
9. What is the difference between Functional and Non-Functional Testing?
Answer:
- Functional Testing: Tests the functionality of the software (e.g., login, search).
- Non-Functional Testing: Tests performance, usability, and reliability (e.g., load testing, security testing).
10. What is Regression Testing?
Answer:
Regression testing is performed to ensure that new changes or updates in the software do not break existing functionality.
11. What is Exploratory Testing?
Answer:
Exploratory testing is an unscripted approach where testers explore the application without predefined test cases to find defects.
12. What is a Test Scenario?
Answer:
A test scenario is a high-level description of what needs to be tested. It is derived from requirements and helps in creating test cases.
13. What is the difference between Retesting and Regression Testing?
Answer:
- Retesting: Testing a specific bug after it has been fixed.
- Regression Testing: Testing the entire application to ensure new changes haven’t affected existing functionality.
14. What is a Defect Life Cycle?
Answer:
The defect life cycle is the process a bug goes through from discovery to closure. Stages include New, Open, Fixed, Retest, and Closed.
15. What is Black Box Testing?
Answer:
Black box testing is a method where testers evaluate the functionality of the software without knowing its internal code or structure.
16. What is White Box Testing?
Answer:
White box testing is a method where testers evaluate the internal code, structure, and logic of the software.
17. What is User Acceptance Testing (UAT)?
Answer:
UAT is performed by end-users to ensure the software meets their requirements and is ready for production.
18. What is the difference between Smoke Testing and Sanity Testing?
Answer:
- Smoke Testing: Checks if the basic functionality of the software works after a build.
- Sanity Testing: Checks if specific functionality or bug fixes work as expected.
19. What is a Test Script?
Answer:
A test script is a set of instructions or code used to test a specific functionality of the software. It is commonly used in automation testing.
20. What is Boundary Value Analysis?
Answer:
Boundary value analysis is a testing technique where test cases are designed to test the boundaries of input values (e.g., minimum, maximum).
21. What is Equivalence Partitioning?
Answer:
Equivalence partitioning is a technique where input data is divided into partitions, and test cases are designed for each partition.
22. What is a Stub and a Driver?
Answer:
- Stub: A temporary replacement for a called module in integration testing.
- Driver: A temporary replacement for a calling module in integration testing.
23. What is the difference between Alpha and Beta Testing?
Answer:
- Alpha Testing: Performed by internal teams before releasing the software to end-users.
- Beta Testing: Performed by a limited group of end-users before the final release.
24. What is a Test Environment?
Answer:
A test environment is a setup of hardware and software where testing is conducted. It mimics the production environment.
25. What is the role of a Manual Tester?
Answer:
A manual tester is responsible for:
- Understanding requirements.
- Writing test cases.
- Executing test cases.
- Reporting and tracking bugs.
- Ensuring the software meets quality standards.
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