Software Testing Interview Questions and Answers (2025) | JaganInfo

Software testing is the process of evaluating a system or its components to find whether it meets the specified requirements and identify defects.

Common levels are Unit Testing, Integration Testing, System Testing, and Acceptance Testing.

Verification checks if the product is built correctly (according to specifications); validation checks if the right product is built (meets user needs).

A defect or bug is a flaw or error in software that causes it to produce incorrect or unexpected results or behave in unintended ways.

Functional testing verifies specific functions or features work as expected; non-functional testing checks performance, usability, security, and other system attributes.

Regression testing verifies that recent code changes have not adversely affected existing functionality.

Test automation uses software tools to execute pre-scripted tests automatically and compare results.

A test case defines a set of conditions, inputs, steps, and expected results used to verify a particular feature or functionality.

Severity indicates the impact of a bug on the system; priority determines how soon the bug should be fixed.

A test plan is a detailed document outlining the scope, approach, resources, schedule, and activities planned for testing.

Black-box testing focuses on testing software functionality without knowledge of internal code; white-box testing involves testing internal structures or workings of an application.

Smoke testing quickly checks basic functionality of a build; sanity testing verifies specific functionality after minor changes.

A test design technique focusing on values at the edges of input ranges to detect errors at boundaries.

Equivalence partitioning divides input data into partitions of equivalent values to test one representative from each partition.

CI is the practice of automatically integrating and testing code frequently to catch issues early and improve software quality.

Load testing evaluates system performance under expected user loads to ensure stability and responsiveness.

Stress testing checks system behavior under extreme or peak load conditions to identify breaking points.

Prioritization is based on critical functionalities, risk areas, customer impact, and likelihood of defect occurrence.

Test coverage measures the extent to which the source code or requirements are tested by a set of test cases.

Defect life cycle describes the stages a defect goes through from discovery to closure, including states like New, Assigned, Fixed, Retested, and Closed.

Challenges include selecting the right tools, maintaining test scripts with changing UI, test data management, and integrating with CI/CD pipelines efficiently.

Test strategy is a high-level document outlining the testing approach and standards; test plan is more detailed including scope, schedule, resources, and specific activities.

By analyzing defect detection rate, test coverage, test execution metrics, user feedback, and post-release defect counts.

Risk-based testing focuses testing efforts on features and functionalities with higher risks of failure or impact.

By regularly reviewing and refactoring tests, modularizing test scripts, managing test data effectively, and using parallel execution and cloud testing platforms.

Common tools include Selenium, JUnit, TestNG, Cucumber, Appium, Jenkins for CI/CD, and Postman for API testing.

Shift-left testing involves integrating testing early in the development lifecycle to detect defects sooner and reduce costs.

By conducting vulnerability scans, penetration testing, input validation testing, and reviewing authentication and authorization mechanisms.

Test data management involves creating and maintaining data sets used for testing; it ensures test relevance, privacy compliance, and repeatability.

Performance testing measures system responsiveness and stability; types include load testing, stress testing, endurance testing, and spike testing.